Food and Drink Atlas

How The World Eats
Dishes

Mole Poblano

MOH-lay poh-BLAH-noh
Also Known As Mole Poblano de Guajolote

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A dark, complex sauce from Puebla, Mexico built from dried chili peppers, spices, ground nuts or seeds and a small amount of chocolate, traditionally simmered for hours and served over turkey or chicken. Convent kitchens in colonial Puebla are widely credited with its development, blending indigenous Mesoamerican chili and cacao cookery with ingredients introduced under Spanish rule, though, as with many dishes claimed by a specific kitchen, the exact originating convent is disputed among several candidates.

Facts
Origin RegionSourced to the subject's own account
Puebla, Mexico (convent kitchens, colonial era) 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Expresses Tradition

In Cuisine

Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson

Uses Ingredient

Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson
Maize, Ingredients
Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson
Sources
1. Mole Poblano (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHistory
Quote, History
Upon hearing that the archbishop was going to visit, the convent nuns panicked because they were poor and had almost nothing to prepare.
View the Source
The Oxford Companion to Food
Alan Davidson, Oxford University Press, 2014
Larousse Gastronomique
Hamlyn, 2009Expresses Tradition: Nixtamalization, s.v. Mole Poblano
Larousse Gastronomique
Hamlyn, 2009Expresses Tradition: Cacao Fermentation and Chocolate Making, s.v. Mole Poblano
Open Questions (1 open question)
Which Puebla convent, nun or friar first prepared mole poblano?

Several colonial-era convent-kitchen legends compete for credit, naming different convents, nuns, friars and even different visiting dignitaries (an archbishop in some versions, the viceroy Juan de Palafox y Mendoza in others); food historians hold there is not enough evidence to prefer one account over the others.

What would resolve this A contemporary 17th- or 18th-century convent record or eyewitness account naming one specific convent, nun or friar as the dish's inventor, rather than the anecdotal accounts collected long after the fact, would settle which legend, if any, is accurate.
Culinary history / colonial Mexican archival researchMole Poblano (Wikipedia)
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